As we observe Tourette Syndrome Awareness Month from May 15 to June 15, 2025, it’s crucial to spotlight a pressing issue: the underdiagnosis of Tourette Syndrome (TS) in girls. Recent research underscores the need for heightened awareness and proactive measures to ensure timely and accurate diagnoses for all individuals, regardless of gender.

Understanding the Gender Disparity in TS Diagnosis

A comprehensive study led by researchers at the University of Florida and Harvard Medical School (https://mbi.ufl.edu/2025/01/15/study-shows-underdiagnosis-of-tourette-syndrome-in-girls/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) revealed significant gender-based disparities in TS diagnosis. Analysing data from over 2,100 individuals with TS and nearly 300 with persistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVT), the study found:

• Delayed Diagnosis: Girls were diagnosed with TS at an average age of 13.3 years, compared to 10.7 years for boys.
• Lower Diagnostic Rates: Only 61% of girls had received a formal TS diagnosis prior to the study, versus 77% of boys.
• Longer Diagnostic Journey: It took an average of three years from symptom onset for girls to receive a diagnosis, compared to two years for boys.

These findings suggest that girls with TS may experience longer periods without appropriate support, potentially impacting their quality of life and mental health.

Why Are Girls Underdiagnosed?

Several factors contribute to the underdiagnosis of TS in girls:

• Subtle Symptom Presentation: Girls may exhibit less overt or disruptive tics, making symptoms less noticeable to parents, teachers, and healthcare providers.
• Misattribution of Symptoms: Tics in girls are sometimes mistaken for behavioral issues, anxiety, or other conditions, leading to misdiagnosis.
• Gender Bias in Perception: Societal expectations and stereotypes may influence the recognition and interpretation of symptoms in girls.

The Importance of Early and Accurate Diagnosis

Timely diagnosis of TS is essential for effective management and support which can:

• Improve Quality of Life: Access to appropriate therapies and accommodations can help individuals manage symptoms and reduce associated stress.
• Prevent Secondary Issues: Early support can mitigate the development of co-occurring conditions such as anxiety, depression, or social withdrawal.
• Empower Individuals: Understanding their condition enables individuals to advocate for themselves and seek necessary resources.

Taking Action: How to Support Girls with TS

To address the underdiagnosis of TS in girls, consider the following steps:

• Educate Yourself and Others: Learn about the diverse presentations of TS and share information to dispel myths and misconceptions.
• Advocate for Comprehensive Evaluations: Encourage thorough assessments when tics or related behaviors are observed, regardless of gender.
• Support Inclusive Practices: Promote environments in schools and communities that recognise and accommodate the needs of individuals with TS.
• Engage with Awareness Campaigns: Participate in initiatives like the #Misunderstood campaign by Tourettes Action, which aims to challenge stereotypes and foster understanding.

Conclusion

Tourette Syndrome Awareness Month serves as a vital reminder of the importance of recognising and addressing the unique challenges faced by girls with TS. By fostering awareness, challenging biases, and promoting early diagnosis, we can ensure that all individuals with TS receive the support and understanding they deserve.

For more information and resources, visit Tourettes Action